You asked
Can I use adapted lenses on the canon eos 200d?
The site doesn't cover adapters, so I can't tell you how an adapted lens will behave on the 200D. What I can tell you is that it's a Canon EF-mount camera, so it takes EF and EF-S lenses directly, with no adapter needed. The Canon EOS 200D page lists every lens that fits it.
If you want a sensible starting point, I'd go with the Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS STM for everyday shooting. For low light, the Sigma 18-35mm f/1.8 DC HSM Art is a lot of fun. For reach, the Canon EF 70-200mm f/4L IS II USM is a great all-rounder. Check each lens's own page before you buy, since the mount guide is the place to confirm what fits.
Written by Claude from this site's pages.